AVIAN INFLUENZA, MIGRATING BIRDS - BRAZIL 2003 (02)
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Date: 30 Oct 2004
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: Boletim eletronico epidemiologico, Brazil, Year 4, No. 2,
19 Feb 2004 [in Portuguese, abstracted by Mod.JW, edited]
<http://dtr2001.saude.gov.br/svs/pub/boletim_eletronico_epi/boletim_eletronico_epi_0204.pdf>
Serological survey in migratory & resident birds of Galinhos/Rio Grande do Norte for detection of West Nile and other viruses.Francisco Anilton Alves Araujo - SVS/MS (Ministry of Health, Brazil)
et al. 2004
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>From 22 Apr to 3 May 2003, during their South-North migration, 711 birds of 23 species were captured, mostly adults and mostly shore birds, but including 12 birds of 6 resident species. Most were bled for West Nile Virus (WNV) serology, and cloacal swabs were pooled and tested for virus isolation for Newcastle disease and avian influenza viruses.
No evidence of the circulation of WNV was found by inoculation of infant mice with 297 bird blood samples and 65 bird viscera. No antibodies to WNV were detected in 503 bird sera tested by
hemagglutination-inhibition (HI); 7 of those had HI antibody to Cacipore, Eastern equine encephalitis, Mayaro & Oropouche arboviruses.
388 cloacal swabs from 11 species of wild birds were combined into 22 pools (5-20 specimens per pool). Avian influenza viruses, all low pathogenic type H3, were isolated from 13 pools of shore birds, most of them _Calidris pusilla_, but also from _Columbina_ sp., _Pluvialis squatarola_, _Charadrius semipalmatus_, _Calidris fuscicollis_, & _Arenaria interpres_, all migrants. One _C. pusilla_ had been banded in the USA.
Newcastle disease virus, pathogenic type APMV-1, was isolated from the cloacal swabs of 2 pools of _A. interpres_ and 3 of _C. pusilla_; all those pools also yielded avian influenza H3 virus.
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[This report complements the one posted previously (see ref. below). Rio Grande do Norte state is in the North-east of Brazil, on the bulge into the Atlantic, last landfall for north-bound coastal
migrants before crossing the Caribbean to Florida. Rio Grande do Sul state, where the south-bound birds were captured later in 2003, is down around 30 degrees South latitude. 6 (H) subtypes (H1, H2, H3, H5, H7, & H9) have been isolated in the past from humans. It is interesting to note that only H3 virus was found in these north-bound migrants, whereas no H3, only H2 & H4, were isolated from the south-bound ones. But this may be only a statistical freak due to the small numbers involved. - Mod.JW]
AVIAN INFLUENZA, MIGRATING BIRDS - BRAZIL 2003
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A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: 30 Oct 2004
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: Boletim eletronico epidemiologico, Brazil, Year 4, No. 5, 21
Jun 2004 [in Portuguese, abstracted by Mod.JW, edited]
<http://dtr2001.saude.gov.br/svs/pub/boletim_eletronico_epi/boletim_eletronico_epi_0504.pdf>
2nd serological survey in migratory & resident birds in the Fish Lake National Park/Rio Grande do Sul for detection of West Nile and other viruses. Francisco Anilton Alves Araujo - SVS/MS (Ministry of Health, Brazil) et al. 2004
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>From 16-27 Nov 2003, during their North-South bird migration, shore birds were captured and bled for West Nile Virus (WNV) serology, and cloacal swabs were pooled and tested for virus isolation for
Newcastle disease and avian influenza viruses.
No evidence of the circulation of WNV was found by inoculation of infant mice with 47 bird blood samples and 5 viscera. No antibodies to WNV, or to 19 other arboviruses, were detected in 131 bird sera tested by hemagglutination-inhibition (HI). By the same HI test with the same antigens, 11 chicken, 8 domestic duck, and 4 horse sera were also negative.
172 cloacal swabs from 19 species of wild birds, and some vampire bats _Desmodus rotundus_ [presumably caught in the same nets. - Mod.JW], were combined into 9 pools (8-24 specimens per pool), plus a pool from the 11 chickens and another from the 8 domestic ducks. The domestic fowl, and the pool of bird swabs combined with bat swabs, were all negative, but avian influenza viruses were isolated from 4 pools of shore birds:
H2 strains from
- a pool of swabs from 29 birds of 5 species, including 2 migratory
_Sterna hirundo_ banded in the USA;
- a pool of swabs from 30 birds of 8 species.
H4 strains from:
- a pool of swabs from 24 birds of 4 species;
- a pool of swabs from 26 birds of 11 species.
All the positive pools contained a majority of swabs from 2 species
arriving from the USA: _Sterna hirundo_ and _Calidris fuscicollis_.
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[15 haemagglutinin (H) and 9 neuraminidase (N) subtypes of Influenza A viruses have been isolated from birds; 6 (H) subtypes (H1, H2, H3, H5, H7 & H9) and 3 (N) subtypes (N1, N2 and N7) have been isolated in the past from humans. - Mod.AS]
[This is probably typical of what to expect from migratory bird surveys on the New World flyways. H2 has been isolated from humans on occasion, but not H4 so far. A possible 16th H subtype from birds will shortly be described. - Mod.JW]
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