In deepest
appreciation for the following resource provided by Boyd Richard Berends,Division of Veterinary Public Health
(VPH), Utrecht University, participant contributor to the Pathobiologics
International: International Veterinary Public Health Consortium (IVPHC):
Countermeasures for animal products:a review of effectiveness
and potential usefulness after an accident (PDF)
Brenda J. Howarda,*, Nicholas A. Beresforda, Gabriele Voigtb
a Centre for Ecology and Hydrology}Merlewood, Grange-over-Sands, Cumbria,
LA11 6JU, UK
bGSF}Institut f . ur Strahlenschutz, Neuherberg, Germany
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 56 (2001) 115–137
Boyd Richard Berends,
DVM, PhD, Dip. ECVPH, Registered Specialist VPH
Interfaculty Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS),
Division of Veterinary Public Health (VPH),
Utrecht University
tel ** (0)30-2533393; b.r.berends@uu.nl
----------------------------------------------------
29 March 2011
From: Stephen M. Apatow
Founder, Director of Research & Development
Humanitarian Resource Institute
Humanitarian University Consortium Graduate Studies
Center for Medicine, Veterinary Medicine & Law
Phone: 203-668-0282
Email: s.m.apatow@humanitarian.net
Internet: www.humanitarian.net
Pathobiologics International
Biodefense Threat Analysis & Communications Center
Url: http://www.pathobiologics.org/btac
Subject: OIE/FAO/WHO: Fukushima Meltdown: Iodine 131 - Cesium137
- Plutonium 239
Dear Colleagues:
It was announced yesterday that fatal levels of radioactive materials
have now been isolated [1] and Japanese officials have confirmed a meltdown
at the Fukushima Nuclear Reactor [2].
Discussions associated with environmental contamination include atmospheric
and seawater with Iodine 131 [3] - Cesium137 [4] - Plutonium 239.[5] Of
greatest concern is Cesium137 - Plutonium 239 in seawater and exposure concentrations
for pathogenicity. In the context of Plutonium 239:
Tripartite Permissible
Dose Conference at Chalk River, Canada, in September 1949. At this conference,
representatives from the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada agreed
on tolerance doses for many radioactive isotopes, including a maximum body
burden of 0.1 microgram for plutonium.
On January 24, 1950, Shields Warren, Austin Brues of Argonne National
Laboratory, Robley Evans, Karl Morgan, and Wright Langham met in Washington.
Langham wrote later: "As a result of this meeting, Dr. Shields Warren of
the Division of Biology and Medicine authorized 0.5 ug (0.033 uc) of Pu239
as the AEC's official operating maximum permissible body burden." [6]
Environmental contamination with Plutonium 239, global ocean circulation
and dilution are critical factors for health risks and I would like to see
a toxicological impact analysis based on the potential exposure that exceeds
the .1 - .5 ug maximum body burden.
Looking forward to feedback.
References:
1. Fatal Radiation Detected Outside Damaged Japanese Reactor - Bloomberg,
28 march 2011. Url: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-28/hazardous-radiation-levels-stall-efforts-to-cool-reactors-prevent-leaks.html
2. Japanese Officials Confirm Meltdown at Fukushima Nuclear Reactor --
NTDTV.com. Url: http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/news_asia/2011-03-28/japanese-officials-confirm-meltdown-at-fukushima-nuclear-reactor.html
3. Radioisotope Brief: Iodine-131 (I-131): CDC: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/radiation/isotopes/iodine.asp
4. Radioisotope Brief: Cesium-137 (Cs-137): CDC: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/radiation/isotopes/cesium.asp
5. Radioisotope Brief: Plutonium-239 (Pu-239): CDC: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/radiation/isotopes/plutonium.asp
6. ACHRE Report: Chapter 5: Url: http://www.hss.energy.gov/HealthSafety/ohre/roadmap/achre/chap5_1.html
Related: Pathobiologics
International
- OIE/FAO/WHO:
Japan High Radiation Levels in Seawater - Global Ocean Circulation: Pathobiologics
International, 24 March 2011. Url: http://www.pathobiologics.org/btac/ref/aiie_fukushima3242011.html
Related: Humanitarian
Resource Institute
- HRI:UNArts
Brief: Fukushima: Radiological Emergency - Music for Japan - MPAA: Humanitarian
Resource Institute, 28 March 2011. Url: http://www.unarts.org/H-II/ref/3282011OHCHR.html
- HRI:UNArts
Brief: Japan: Cesium - Libya: 1970 ICC - Inflation Crisis - Leadership:
Humanitarian Resource Institute, 25 March 2011. Url: http://www.unarts.org/H-II/ref/3252011OHCHR.html
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